UK and EU Forge New Trade, Defence, and Fishing Deal

On May 19, 2025, the UK and the EU signed a landmark agreement to reset their post-Brexit relationship. The deal includes a new security and defense pact, reduced trade barriers for UK food exporters, and a 12-year mutual fishing arrangement. Prime Minister Keir Starmer highlighted the economic benefits, including an expected £9 billion boost by 2040 and lower food prices, which are seen as crucial for economic recovery and enhancing cooperation between the two regions in light of global instability.

A key component of the agreement is the extension of EU fishing access to UK waters for an additional 12 years. While this concession allowed the broader deal to go ahead, it has faced criticism from opposition leaders and some fishing industry representatives who argue that national interests, particularly in fisheries, have been sacrificed. The pact also includes provisions for streamlining food and energy trade, reducing bureaucracy for UK farm exports, and aligning with EU food regulations, which is expected to increase agrifood exports by over 20%.

Additionally, the deal introduces a youth mobility scheme and the potential reinstatement of the Erasmus programme, allowing for easier travel and educational exchanges. While the agreement stops short of rejoining the EU single market, it aims to address post-Brexit economic challenges and restore business confidence. The deal marks a new chapter in UK-EU relations, offering a balance between cooperation and maintaining the sovereignty gained from Brexit.